Catch crops after winter grazing
Grow better catch-crops this season
4 expert steps for success
After more than a decade of study, it’s clear catch-crops can deliver more than their fair share of gains on farms nationwide.
What started as an experimental way to cut nitrate leaching is now known to benefit soil quality, emissions and productivity, even at altitudes and temperatures that at first seem incompatible.
In which case, how can we get the absolute best out of them?
Researchers say regardless of farm system, four fundamentals make or break a good result – timing, establishment, sowing rate, and species.
1, Sow as early as practicable after winter grazing. This is the number one rule. Earlier establishment means higher soil nitrogen uptake and crop biomass, with better environmental outcomes.
Sow when soil temperatures reach 4°C or above at cowing depth for reliable results. The technical minimum is 2°C, but establishment is slower and riskier below 4°C. Aim to get the crop in as soon as soil, weather and conditions allow, ideally well before mid October.
2. Get good seed-to-soil contact with the right sowing method. Direct-drilling or minimum tillage reduces soil disturbance and nitrogen mineralisation.
Ensure even sowing depth and good seed-soil contact (rolling if necessary). In severely pugged conditions, light cultivation may be required, but avoid excessive tillage.
3. Target high plant populations for rapid canopy closure. Aim for around 300 plants per m² (e.g. 110–120 kg/ha for oats).
Higher density promotes faster ground cover, better light interception, stronger biomass production, and better nitrogen uptake.
4. Choose cold-tolerant, winter-active species suited to local conditions. Focus on species with strong cool-soil germination and fibrous root systems.
Oats are a reliable option in most situations. Italian ryegrass or cereal-grass mixes provide extra resilience in wetter or colder environments.
- With very fast establishment and strong yield and grown, Frenzy hybrid ryegrass is a standout for catch-cropping. Use it alone, or with oats. Ask your rep for more detail.